Nord-Express approaching Paris with Atlantic-type 2662, near Chantilly 1934 (Raymond Floquet))

Train D12 with sleeper Warsaw - Paris, Warsaw - Oostende and Nord coaches, at Stentsch near the Polish border in 1921 (coll. Wilhelm Tausche)

German L112 Berlin - London - Express, locomotive 78 479, Hannover 1924 or 1925 (Werner Hubert, coll. Alfred Gottwaldt)

Nord-Express Warsaw - Paris, Nord Pacific 3.1161, c.1934 (Raymond Floquet)

Boulogne-Bruxelles Pullman, Belgian class 9 and in the rear a Nord-Express sleeper, Boulogne 1933 (coll. Roger Commault)

Nord-Express Paris - Warsaw, German Pacific 01 089, Cologne Muelheim 1935 (Carl Bellingrodt/ Eisenbahn-Kurier)

When in 1920 a German delegation traveled to Moscow, it had to take the steamer to Tallinn, Estonia and from there the train. In 1921 the D11 started Paris -Warsaw and Riga services. There was not yet a de-Luxe Nord-Express, but Germany introduced in 1922 its “Luxuszug “Berlin-London-Express. The Nord-Express re-appeared in 1926 as a CIWL de-Luxe to Warsaw (east of Berlin running almost empty) with an S, later LX16 type CIWL sleeper to Riga. That “Nordroute” (the Northern route) should get the de-Luxe for Moscow, but it didn’t come. The modest D23 to Negoreloye, westbound from Stolpce, provided the shortest link to Russia via Poland!

L112/111 Berlin-London-Express
Berlin-Hoek 1922-25, by Mitropa, connection Hook Continental Harwich - London: 1 Gepaeckwagen (van, ex-Prussian)
2-3 Salonwagen (day saloons from the Imperial train)
1 Salonspeisewagen (dining car from the Imperial train).
Traction: Hannover - Bentschen DR series 78 (4-6-4) tank, ex-Prussian).

Train 123/23
Departure Liege (according to EFK 1934)

D	Paris - Negoreloye
C	Paris - Negoreloye
AB	Paris - Negoreloye
WL CIWL	Paris - Negoreloye
C	Paris - Warsaw
C	Brussels - Berlin
AB	Brussels - Berlin
Post	Paris - Zbasyn

A=1st, B=2nd, C=3rd class, D=van, by state railways. At Negoreloye conncetion with Kurier 2 to Far East

Nord Express
All-sleeper CIWL de-Luxe, 1938/39 (according to RBD Hannover):

F (van)	Paris - Warsaw
WLAB	Paris - Warsaw
WLAB	Calais - Warsaw
WLAB	Oostende - Warsaw, 4 times weekly
WLAB	Oostende - Berlin - Bucharest, 3 times weekly
WLAB	Paris - Berlin
WR	Paris - Berlin
WLAB	Paris - Berlin - Riga
WLAB	Paris - Hannover - Copenhagen
WR	Berlin - Warsaw

Colors: Dark blue
Traction in Germany 17.10 (4-6-0, ex-Prussian S101, West of Berlin 01 (4-6-2), in Poland Pd5 (4-4-0, ex-Prussian S6) and Pk (4-6-0, ex-Prussian S10).

D1 Berlin - Riga
Via Eydtkuhnen - Virbalis, with the CIWL sleeper Paris - Riga from Nord-Express. Traction through the Polish "Korridor" generally Pk2 (ex-Prussian S10), Pu29 (4-8-2) and Pt31 (2-8-2) by PKP. In Lithuania in 1939 traction Virbalis - Joniskis by Gp Pacifics from Skoda, in Latvia seen with an An (4-4-0 ex-Prussian). Connection Riga - Far East by Kurier 2/1 c. 1925-1931.

D7 Berlin - Riga
Via Tilsit - Pagegiai, in 1937 noted (by L. Rutgers van Rozenburg) with a CIWL sleeper and two DR cars Berlin - Daugavpils, the DR cars however being replaced at Pagegiai by two black cars, one ex-Prussian, one ex-Russian. At Radviliskis the CIWL sleeper was detached for Daugavpils and cars from Kaunas (Kovno) were added.

Traction in 1937 (according to Rutgers van Rozenburg):

17.10	(4-6-0 ex S101)	DR	Koenigsberg - Tilsit
K8	(4-6-0 ex P8)	LG	Tilsit - Radviliskis
Gr	(4-6-0 ex S10)	LG	Radviliskis - Joniskis
P5. 2-4	(2-6-0 ex G5	LG	Joniskis - Meitene
Bt	(2-4-2 tank	LVD	Meitene - Riga

On September 1, 1939, WWII stopped the trains from Germany. On Nov. 23 (according to "Reichsbahn"), D27 Berlin - Eydkau started, including a Mitropa sleeper, with connection to the Baltics and Moscow.

Night train Riga - Daugavpils
Broad gauge, departure Riga in 1937 (according to L. Rutgers van Rozenburg):

1 Sleeper (4-berth)	SZD	Riga - Moscow
1 van	SZD	Riga - Moscow
5 coaches	LVD	Riga - Daugavpils

Colors: SZD sleeper dark blue, van black
Traction: seen with Pkp (0-8-0, ex-Russian O) possibly only shunting and traction by Skb (4-6-0), ex-Russian B).

D7 Berlin - Koenigsberg - Eydtkau (Eydtkuhnen)
According to DR timetable June 27, 1940 (no formation!): ABC Berlin - Eydtkau, ABC Berlin - Gudogaj, ABC Berlin - Riga, WL Mitropa Berlin -Eydtkau, WLAB CIWL Berlin - Riga, WLAB CIWL Berlin -Daugavpils, Post Berlin - Eydkau.

Colors: DR dark green, Mitropa dark red, CIWL dark blue. At Gudogaj (Gudagojis) connection with Kurier 2.

In August 1940 the Soviets annected the Baltics and introduced broad gauge for deportation trains to Siberia (men, women and children separated). D7 Berlin - Eydkau got a connection Virbalis - Moscow.

D23 Berlin - Bialystok - Malkinia
From Oct. 21, 1940 (according to H.W. Scharf) did run D23 with "Sperrwagen" via the "Ostbahn" to Malkinia with connection to Moscow. On June 22, 1941, Hitler started the war against the Soviet Union, in 1942 the D23 had a sleeper Paris - Aachen and D123 included a Mitropa sleeper Berlin - Warsaw. Still in 1943 the timetable showed a DmW23 Berlin - Wolkowysk and a connecting local to Minsk. The military expresses SF, consisting of coaches, initially did run even to Kharkov, but from winter 1941 trains were changed on the Russian border. On the re-gauged tracks mainly ex-Prussian locomotives were used and then the series 52 "Kriegslokomotive", a 2-10-0. The heavier 42 did not come to Russia and the "3. Kriegslokomotive", probably a 2-10-2 with booster, was not built.

CIWL in the Baltic states:
Standard and broad gauge, wooden WL and WR, also Prussian types, WL 3001 - 3009 from 1923 with 4-berth compartments, probably Riga - Zilupe (connection to Moscow), later further "type 3" cars, also wooden ones.

Lithuanian Pacific Gp from Skoda on standard-gauge, Daugavpils c.1942 (J.B. Kronawitter)

Express on broad-gauge, class Sks ex-Russian S, western and Russian profile cars, Riga 1937 (L. Rutgers van Rozenburg)

Express on broad-gauge, freight engine class Pk or Pkp ex-Russian group O, blue Russian "soft" sleeper and Russian van Riga - Moscow, Riga 1937 (L. Rutgers van Rozenburg)

Estonian A.k 21, ex-Russian Ad (coll. Emil Konrad)